How to Calculate the pH of a Weak Acid

How to Calculate the pH of a Weak Acid Calculating the pH of a weak acid is a bit more complicated than determining the pH of a strong acid because weak acids dont completely dissociate in water. Fortunately, the formula for calculating pH is simple. Heres what you do. Key Takeaways: pH of a Weak Acid Finding the pH of a weak acid is a bit more complicated than finding pH of a strong acid because the acid does not fully dissociate into its ions.The pH equation is still the same (pH -log[H]), but you need to use the acid dissociation constant (Ka) to find [H].There are two main methods of solving for hydrogen ion concentration. One involves the quadratic equation. The other assumes the weak acid barely dissociates in water and approximates the pH. Which one you choose depends on how accurate you need the answer to be. For homework, use the quadratic equation. For a quick estimate in the lab, use the approximation. pH of a Weak Acid Problem What is the pH of a 0.01 M benzoic acid solution? Given: benzoic acid Ka 6.5 x 10-5 Solution Benzoic acid dissociates in water as: C6H5COOH → H C6H5COO- The formula for Ka is: Ka [H][B-]/[HB] where:[H] concentration of H ions[B-] concentration of conjugate base ions[HB] concentration of undissociated acid moleculesfor a reaction HB → H B- Benzoic acid dissociates one H ion for every C6H5COO- ion, so [H] [C6H5COO-]. Let x represent the concentration of H that dissociates from HB, then [HB] C - x where C is the initial concentration. Enter these values into the Ka equation: Ka x  · x / (C -x)Ka x ²/(C - x)(C - x)Ka x ²x ² CKa - xKax ² Kax - CKa 0 Solve for x using the quadratic equation: x [-b  ± (b ² - 4ac) ½]/2a x [-Ka (Ka ² 4CKa) ½]/2 **Note** Technically, there are two solutions for x. Since x represents a concentration of ions in solution, the value for x cannot be negative. Enter values for Ka and C: Ka 6.5 x 10-5C 0.01 M x {-6.5 x 10-5 [(6.5 x 10-5) ² 4(0.01)(6.5 x 10-5)] ½}/2x (-6.5 x 10-5 1.6 x 10-3)/2x (1.5 x 10-3)/2x 7.7 x 10-4 Find pH: pH -log[H] pH -log(x)pH -log(7.7 x 10-4)pH -(-3.11)pH 3.11 Answer The pH of a 0.01 M benzoic acid solution is 3.11. Solution: Quick and Dirty Method to Find Weak Acid pH Most weak acids barely dissociate in solution. In this solution we found the acid only dissociated by 7.7 x 10-4 M. The original concentration was 1 x 10-2 or 770 times stronger than the dissociated ion concentration. Values for C - x then, would be very close to C to seem unchanged. If we substitute C for (C - x) in the Ka equation, Ka x ²/(C - x)Ka x ²/C With this, there is no need to use the quadratic equation to solve for x: x ² Ka ·C x ² (6.5 x 10-5)(0.01)x ² 6.5 x 10-7x 8.06 x 10-4 Find pH pH -log[H] pH -log(x)pH -log(8.06 x 10-4)pH -(-3.09)pH 3.09 Note the two answers are nearly identical with only 0.02 difference. Also notice the difference between the first methods x and the second methods x is only 0.000036 M. For most laboratory situations, the second method is good enough and much simpler. Check your work before reporting a value. The pH of a weak acid should be less than 7 (not neutral) and its usually less than the value for a strong acid. Note there are exceptions. For example, the pH of hydrochloric acid is 3.01 for a 1 mM solution, while the pH of hydrofluoric acid is also low, with a value of 3.27 for a 1 mM solution. Sources Bates, Roger G. (1973). Determination of pH: theory and practice. Wiley.Covington, A. K.; Bates, R. G.; Durst, R. A. (1985). Definitions of pH scales, standard reference values, measurement of pH, and related terminology. Pure Appl. Chem. 57 (3): 531–542. doi:10.1351/pac198557030531Housecroft, C. E.; Sharpe, A. G. (2004). Inorganic Chemistry (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0130399137.Myers, Rollie J. (2010). One-Hundred Years of pH. Journal of Chemical Education. 87 (1): 30–32. doi:10.1021/ed800002cMiessler G. L.; Tarr D .A. (1998). Inorganic Chemistry (2nd ed.). Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-841891-8.

Unit 15- P1 Til M3 Essays

Unit 15- P1 Til M3 Essays Unit 15- P1 Til M3 Essay Unit 15- P1 Til M3 Essay In this assignment I am going to write about developing of a career in business. I was always thinking how my future would look like and what a person I want to be, what I want to do and how I will come there. This unit does help me because I thought it would be easy to achieve my dream. With this plan I can think about which resources could help me to develop my career. What goals and objectives I need to set for my short, medium and long terms. To know what my strengths and weakness are could help me because I know then what skills I posses and what skills I need to acquire for now and future. Before I had to face this unit I did not realize making career plan was useful but now I do. To make a career plan can be useful for me because it can help me to gain new skills, stay on track and more forward to meet my goals. [pic] Pass 1 – Researching Career Information In this assignment I am going to identify the 6 sources where I can found out information to help me to develop my career. Internet Internet is one of the best sources that could help me because I can find information about career jobs, education and more. Google is useful because when I type a name like International Sales Manager or I am looking for a job it shows me career plans for entrepreneurs, vacancies, what skills experience is needed for the job. From this I can see if it is the job I want to do later or not. Also I can use the internet for other things that relates to my career path such as researching how I can become confident, building interpersonal skills, courses that has to do with business. Kchandel. nl is also useful because it provides for the students information and websites about entrepreneurship, traineeship. Carrieretijger. nl provides information about courses and education and what jobs i can do with my qualification certificate when i finish. www. google. nl www. wikipedia. nl www. carrieretijger. nl www. kchandel. nl Family My family is one of my sources to develop my career. First of all is my mother the first place because she motivates me to do everything, even when I am down and thinking that something is impossible. She gave me advice and say always to think positive about my life and that everything what I want to do is possible. My uncle gave me last year also advice about my education. I did want to choose the Fashion course but he changed my mind. He told me that if I would do business that I would have better career and that I can combine with fashion. Also he told me that if I would go for the Fashion course that it would be a difficultly challenge to become well-known fashion designer. Some friend of my mum did long time IBL and is now working as International Import/Export manager. I see him always once in a year and he tells me always some useful information and he has very good influence on me because when I see him, i am getting motivated to work hard. Magazine Sometimes a magazine can inspire me because there are some interesting life stories. The story goes about marriage, love, career with their solutions. Also some of the magazines are a questionnaire that discovers after you completed what person u are etc. A magazine i can always some tips and tricks about how to be confident, to look good and how to learn better. On a magazine I find pictures of famous people with their life stories such as how they become rich and famous from nothing. How they develop them self to do everything to meet their dreams and what strategy they used. In a magazine i can read lot information’s about how to make money, where to invest in and how i can safe and control it. Cosmopolitan magazine Inc. magazine Money magazine Pass 1 – Researching Career Information Education/teacher The best source to my career path is my school that I am doing now because on a school everyone is there to learn. Learning is a powerful tool in the word because the more you gain knowledge the better you get along in the world. With education I would become wiser and will get later jobs that are paid well. The school prepares me for later, I will get some basis knowledge about the career and gives me qualification and credentials that are essential for to get types of better paying jobs. Also the teachers on school can help me with problems to find solutions for it and to teach me. Even the school gives me the ability how it would be to work in a real company for couple weeks or months. At school I can ask my teacher information about mine weakness and strengths that she has noticed in the class or via the homework. Also I can ask what skills I need and how I can develop it. My SLB teacher will tell me on what subject for example in French to focus and put some more attention to it so I can achieve in that subject and also I can ask her any information that has to do with school as well for later. She can give me e. g. if I am good in mathematics to do accountancy or if I am good in communication to do commercial and this will easy to make choices because I know than where I am good in. Also i can ask my SLB teacher information about qualification, method of learning and little bit about career advice. Books Books are in some cases useful for developing your career path. I have read a while ago a book called Strategic planning. From this book I have seen some tools I can use, how i can plan and to achieve it. Also books can provide information about the business itself. In the class we use a lot of books that has to do with languages, Economic, Mathematics and so on and we can make assessments about it. The BTEC course book gives us a abbreviation of everything that has to do with business and we can use it to make our assignments. Also a normal book can help me to learn new words and to develop my language in Spanish or English. Simplified strategic planning BTEC course books and more. Pass 1 – Researching Career Information Older students We had last month a student in one of the unit lessons. She told us information about the units and to let us understand where the pass, merit and distinctions stand for. Also what the expectation are from the students and the credit points that we have to get. She couldnt find a traineeship in other coun try so she had to make clean in Spain. From this I have learned that I wont make the same mistake as she did and I will do my best. Now i have understand the criteria pass, merit and distinction I would go work harder to achieve enough points so I can do later in Higher Education International Business and Languages. Ranking of sources: 1. Education/school: because there are teachers to teach me and prepare me for future 2. family: because if I have family who support me i will be motivated to follow my dream 3. Internet could help me in any cases of finding information that i need for school or about myself. 4. Books: at school we use books to make homework and to learn. It is useful for me because I can gain from a book basic knowledge about, in this case business, languages etc. 5. Older students: they can give me information and advice because they have experiences and know more things; this could help me to prevent to make same problems or helps me to do better at school. Pass 2 – Creating a Career Plan For this assignment I will complete a career plan that will identify my development needs. There are many important things in my life where I strive for. Needs: House A house is important for me because without a house I will be homeless and live on the street. First I will rent a beautiful apartment in a flat. I would then have only 1 room for myself. Later when I am pretty sure that I have a job that is paid good than I will go over to buy a house. The house must have 5 big rooms, big front and back garden where I can relax with my family and colleagues and my children. In the back garden I will make space for flowers, car parking and big swim pool. Because I am busy working mother I shall take someone who cleans the house and a chef cook to make food till my children grow. After they become the age 15 then I will fire the chef cooks and let my children cook so they learn cooking. In my house I want 5 rooms because if I have 3 children to give them their own room. The other rooms would one for me and the last a quest room. I have already a budget for my dream house, the budget will me half million. I want to locate my house near the city. My dream house will take place in Miami. Also I will buy houses in other favorite countries, so when I am on holiday that I can stay there and enjoy my holiday in my fresh new house. Food and being healthy Food is the most important thing that every one that has a life need. Without food a person simply dies. Food is needed to stay alive, to be fit and healthy. Food promotes for the growth of our body. In every case is food a good thing for the body and also for other things. For example if I am in the lesson and I cannot concentrate because I havent breakfasted. Food can gives a lot of advantages to me because I will be fit, strong and energy full to work, move, run and staying healthy. Being healthy is also another thing. A person has to eat health food such as fruits and vegetables. We all have to avoid junk food because it is not healthy, can cause diseases and we can become fat. If I eat healthy food I am mostly resistant to become sick and I will be fit. Job and money In my life, is to have a job is most the important thing because without job I do not have money. For everything is money needed like to pay the rent of the house, to buy food, to pay education for my children and much more. Simply a life without money is like living without food and house so to have a job is really necessary because these 2 things belong together. I want to be later a Import/Export Manager because is been always my dream and with my incomes I can be independent from my family or other people. I want later to earn each month â‚ ¬9000 for to pay my bills and to safe â‚ ¬6000 monthly. Also I will not stay later in this country I want to work in United States. I want to work each week 60 hours so I can make monthly enough money. I will give 20% of my saving money to a poverty charity. With the other money I will buy a big house and holiday houses in other countries and spend the education of my children. Pass 2 – Creating a Career Plan Wants: Car and driving license Next year I am going to learn and take lessons for my driving license. I want to take 4 hours each week. I will pay each our 30 euro for the lessons and will buy a book where I can learn about rules so I can make the theory test and graduate for it. While I am learning I will also focusing on my driving lessons and make the real driving test so I can get my driving license. After I have my driving license then I will buy a beginner car in case I make accidents than I do not really bother about the car. About couple years later I want to buy a beautiful car Peugeot 307 cc car. To have a driving license is important because I cannot buy a car without having a driving license. Driving license makes sure that I have learned how to drive and what the rules are. In other hand a car is also important because it is very useful when I want to buy food and I do not live near a market. Also it is easier than to take bus or train everyday in the morning when I am going to school or work. Holiday I think that I always will need to go on a holiday because I want to enjoy in the summer. I need really to go on a holiday because I havent been on a holiday for 2 years. I have tried in the past years to save money so I can go on holiday. I am thinking to in the next summer to go Egypt. I want to spend â‚ ¬500 in shopping, I want to hire for â‚ ¬200 each month for a big house and be there whole summer in Egypt. I will go to the capital city Cairo and visit the pyramids, sphinx and Egyptian museum. It is for me important because I am wondering how Egypt looks like and the story about the pharaoh and pyramids inspire me. To take a holiday would be very important to me because I can take break from everything like from school or work. On a holiday I can relax because later when I am finished with school and are working as import/export manager than I have to work hard and long. Also i will travel to other countries for meetings etc. This work can be stress full because in this position I have to be flexible, efficient, pro-active and much more. Later I am going once a year on holiday than now because I am than busy and I want also to spend most time at work because it is important. When I have holiday I would go to the most beautiful places in the world. Each year I would go to other countries. The countries I prefer to go are: Florida, Miami, China, Costa Rica and Turkey and each time I will be there a month and stay there in hotel and hire a car so I can go easy everywhere and buy there a lot of clothes and jewelers. Pass 2 – Creating a Career Plan 3 jobs that I am interested in Sales manager I am interest at this job because it gives bonus and car allowance. Also i am motivated person, can lead the team and can take responsibilities. I am also good in organizing and motivate everyone to meet their targets. This job is also good paid and has high standard. After I finish my HBO Bachelor I will go to a company to get experience and prepare for this job. Export/Import Assistant I am interested at this job because I like always to assistant someone. Also I am good in organizing my work, preparing and notifying customers. This job could be good for me because I can become in higher position like export/import manager and with this job I will get experiences and know later how to face when problems are. I found these jobs from Monsterboard. nl Entrepreneur I am interested in entrepreneurship because I was always dreaming of setting a lawyer business company. I am a creative person and I want to hire a lot of lawyers and work with them as partnership. This could give me advantage because it will become easier to set up the business and I can help people who are in trouble. I will be the leader and the lawyers are working for me as well for them self to get paid from the customers. Goals |Short term |Medium term |Long term | |My goals are to get a part-time job and to |I want to graduate for the IBS course and to |My long term goals are to work as an | |graduate this 1ste year class. To achieve for|get my qualification. After I graduate for |International Export/Import Manager in the | |the merit criteria. |this course that I am doing now I want to do |USA. I want also to set up my own company | |Also I want to take driving lesson and get my|higher education called International |that operates nationally as a partnership. I | |driving licence and to live on my own. |Business Languages on HBO University. |want get marry and get 3 children. I will buy| | |Also I want to buy a car. Besides studying I |a big house in Miami. | | |will take a job to get experience. |For thanking my mother, I will buy a great | | |After been graduated I will move to USA. house and car for her. | Pass 2 – Creating a Career Plan Career plan Before I can start to think about my future is to finish my education. I am sitting now in the 1st year of IBS on Zadkine College and to finish this course it takes 3 years. I had chosen Spanish when I enrol this course, but I am also doing French because I want to have an international job and for further education I need to posses 2 languages. When I am graduated and have my diploma I will go further with studying International Business and Languages on HBO and this takes another 3 years. Besides studying I will take a part-time job as commercial employee so I can get experience. When I am finished with my education I want to get a full job as a Sales manager in a little company to gain more knowledge so I can work later in a big company and that has good image and nice colleagues to work with. I want to work in a company that operates national as well international and has other branches all over the world. In this case I will speak other languages to my colleagues. I want to travel a lot of times in another country for my work like meetings. Later when I am professional in all these work I want to start my own lawyer office that operates only in Amsterdam. I will hire lawyers and they will work for me and also for them self. I want to become a well know business for every one that has problem and is in court. I will not take long holidays because I do not want to let my worker do the work alone. When I take holiday I will go visit my family and go other countries where I can relax. Merit 1 – Creating a Career Plan Assess methods of achieving development needs within the timeframe of the career plan. In this assignment I am going to carry out a SWOT analysis for myself because this could help me to fulfilling this assignment. Using the SWOT analysis will help me to outline my strong points that could help me in succeeding and weak points what could prevent from succeeding so need to need to improve. Also the threats and opportunities I might face. The SWOT analysis is a method to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats that are involved in a business or projects. The SWOT analysis has two main categories; internal and external. Strengths and Weaknesses are the internal factors because it is from you and the Treats and Opportunities external because they are influences from outside. This method identifies which are advantages and disadvantages of achieving that objective. This is how a SWOT analysis looks like: [pic] Merit 1 – Creating a Career Plan My SWOT analysis |Strengths |Weaknesses | |I am a social person and am able to talk confidently to a variety of|My weakness is that I do not understand a lot about mathematics | |different people. I can speak good English and will be easy to make |therefore I have to learn and understand. I need to develop my | |assignments. I have strength in thinking of new ways of doing things|French language and my writing good Dutch sentences. In some cases I| |or changing ideas because I have a lot of ideas I feel I am quite |am an obstinate person when someone orders me to do something I do | |imaginative therefore I can come up with good ideas for my business. |not like. Also I can be sometimes lazy and I am doing my work at the| |I am a good listener and this could help me to solve problems and to|last moment. |communicate. | | |Opportunities |Threats | |I have a good understanding of business as my uncle run his own |Be always on time at school is very difficult for me because the | |coffee business for many years also my good friend has also set a |buses and train are always late and I do life far from my school. To| |national business in South Africa. This is an advantage because I |do the saving in the country there a not a lot of jobs available or | |can ask advice about setting up my own business and will support me. |to start your own business. | |The education that I am doing now and further education will help |To become the same position as a well knows businesses because the | |for later. Also from these educations I learn languages like French,|competition is high. | |English and Spanish so I can work in an international business. | | Helping and preventing points It was useful for me to make a SWOT analysis because I know where I am good in and not. I will be focus now on my weaknesses to develop for later. I am likely to succeed my career plan when I look to my opportunities and Strengths because I am doing now an education which gives me basic knowledge of international business, gives me the chance to learn other languages so I can speak to people with other people. When I want to start my business my family and friends could help me. Because I am a social person, communicate well and listen to people I can satisfy my customers which means for later that I will make a good start to get more connections. With my creative thinking I can make good plans, find solutions for my future and now. How I am going to run my business and now how I am finishing my education successful. However there are some weak points that might prevent to succeed. I do not understand a lot of mathematic and this could be a problem for me if I want to set up my business. I have to know what money I have to invest in my business and calculate the revenue, profit etc. If I make a mistake my company will have problems also if I am lazy. To get a job might be difficult nowadays and to be well-know business also because the there are other business who stands higher position now. Pass 3 – Developing Transferable Business Skills For this assignment I am going to carry out a skills audit that identifies skills gap. |Skills |Bad |Average |Good |Explanation | |Teamwork | | |xX |Team working is very important when you work in an organization. When I | | | | | |work in a team I can learn different methods to finish the work. I gain | | | | | |this skill from the projects at school and also I am a social person, so | | | | | |it is easily to work with everyone. I do not need to develop this skill | | | | | |anymore because I do well. | |Patient | |x |X |I am a little bit impatient person. I do not like when something takes so | | | | | |long and it annoys me. I can get frustrated and stressed for example in | | | | | |the lesson when a teacher explains what we have to do, then I want to | | | | | |begin quick with working and not have to wait till everyone questions are | | | | | |answered. I earn this from my family. I do need to develop to become more | | | | | |patience because if I do not change it than problems can arise. I can gain| | | | | |this skill by trying every time to calm down and take yoga will help me I | | | | | |think. | |Creativity | | |xX |I am a very creative person even the teachers and friends say that. I do | | | | | |have always ideas and that brings to make something original and I do not | | | | | |have to think a lot about it and I work hard to make to make a nice | | | | | |result. With creativity I think I am a perfectionist because I will work | | | | | |hard till I get my done. I won in the primary school a lot of challenges | | | | | |that has to do with being creativity. I am born with this skill so I do | | | | | |not need to develop for later. | |Listening skills | |xX | |I am a good listener because I listen to everyone when we have to discuss | | | | | |about a specific subject. I listen to people so if there is a problem so I| | | | | |can solve it or to help that person by listen carefully. In the class I do| | | | | |2 things together like listen to the teacher and making my work at the | | | | | |same time. Only there is 1 problem when I have a listening test in the | | | | | |class I cannot concentrate because I am focusing on one thing. I do not | | | | | |think that later problem could arise in meetings I can look the person so | | | | | |that goes easy. I do not have to improve this skill for later if I am a | | | | | |manager because everything will go through the secretaries. | |Social skills | | |xX |I am a very social person; I can work with everyone easily. I am | | | | | |respectful to everyone and also polite. I like to help people very much | | | | | |when they have a problem like they have not finished their assignment than| | | | | |I let them show my work so they have an idea to finish the work before the| | | | | |deadline. Personally I don’t think that I have to improve on this skill | | | | | |because too social can bring problems, because I would than think about | | | | | |other people than about myself. Later when I am working I have to be hard | | | | | |against rival companies than being social. |Motivation | | |xX |I think that I am very motivated person. I really want to finish this | | | | | |education successful. I do get 2 diploma’s for IBS and that what my | | | | | |short-term goal is. I am finishing all my assignments on time so I can get| | | | | |feedback on it so I can improve on my work. I gain this skill last year | | | | | |because I saw how important for me was when I heard that cannot go the | | | | | |level 4 MBO. It gave me a lot of motivation now and I realize that I have | | | | | |to work hard before I can become a business manager. | |Organization | |x | |I am not very in good in planning and organization. But at this time I am | |/planning skills | | |X |not behind the schedule and working forward. These skills are essential | | | | | |because if I want to achieve my goal- they help keep focusing on doing the| | | | | |right tasks. Now I am doing IBS, it is very important to organize and plan| | | | | |my work so I can finish on time. I think that I have to improve more on | | | | | |this skill by take a course because in this context is being patience | | | | | |important. Later these skills could give me a benefit because I have the | | | | | |ability to manage and to work efficiency and reduce all the stress. |Leadership | |x |X |I don’t know if I have this skill because I do not place every time myself| | | | | |in the leadership position. | | | | | |I only do this when nobody wants to take it. I will take only the | | | | | |leadership when I am working in a group and want to make sure that | | | | | |everything is doing well. When I see that my group isn’t taking serious | | | | | |then I will feel responsible for the whole project and work hard to finish| | | | | |it. I can improve this skill by practicing and taking the leadership | | | | | |position in a group. It is important for later because a leadership has a | | | | | lot of responsibility like being the ownership, being delegated, | | | | | |organized, great listener and communicate effectively. If I do not this | | | | | |point I will not motivate my employees and do not take me serious or see | | | | | |me as a leader. |Self-confidence |x | |X |I am not very confident person because sometimes I feel insecure when I | | | | | |have give presentation in front of a group people. I get then very | | | | | |nervous, my body shakes, speak to fast and don’t make an eye contact. | | | | | |Sometimes I hide my nerves by smiling and laughing. I have to improve on | | | | | |this skills and the best way is to relax, doing more exercise like fitness| | | | | |and eating health food. This skill is important. | | | | | |For now and later because is the basic for successful living. Being | | | | | |confident help me to attain any goal and maximize my satisfaction in my | | | | | |life. |Problem solving | | | |I think I am a good problem solver because if there arise a problem. I am | | | | |xX |always the person who comes up with solutions. I am a good thinker and can| | | | | |make good ideas. I don’t think that I have to improve in this skill | | | | | |because I am on the right level. | | | | |Later this skill I would need definitely because a company has always to | | | | | |face with difficulties and problems. | |Work alone | | |xX |I am more likely to work on my own because I won’t be distracted by other | | | | | |people. I like to work independency because I can focus on my work and | | | | | |finish on t ime and it is the best way to learn. If I work with other | | | | | |person, the work is easily to finish because we have both ideas and done | | | | | |the work and I won’t learn anything. I do not need to improve on this | | | | | |skill because I am independent person. | |Stress managment | |x | |I can be very stressful when I am in an unwanted situation. I can deal | | | | |X |with this if I stay calm down then I can manage my stress. I am to all the| | | | | |time something to distract me like fitness or working on my assignment | | | | | |because if I sit down I would not do anything else than stressing. I think| | | | | |that I have to improve on this skill to become stress resistant. |Languages | |x |X |I can speak different languages like Dutch, Engels, basic French. Also I | | | | | |can speak my own language Somalis very influently like English and Dutch. | | | | | |I think I need to develop some languages like French, Spanish because it | | | | | |gives me for now and later the advantages. If I learn all these languages | | | | | |than I can do on HBO International Business Languages and when I am | | | | | |working I can work later in other countries. | |Communication | |x |X |To communicate is the most important thing in my life as well for | | | | | |everyone. It is necessary that I can communicate ith other person because| | | | | |if I will not do that then problems could arise like misunderstanding. I | | | | | |think that good I am in communication because I can talk easily and clear | | | | | |with other person. But I think that I have improve in this skill by | | | | | |practicing every single day in the class or outside with other people. | | | | |This skill is also important for later and know because it will strength | | | | | |my relationships, minimize the risk of misunderstandings and improve my | | | | | |self-confidence. | |Taking risks |x | |X |I am very bad in taking risks, because I am afraid that things would go | | | | | |wrong or waist my invest ed money. I did once take a risk and that was by | | | | | |doing the same class in the high school and then I left school without | | | | | |high school certificate. But now I am doing the same level MBO as my class| | | | | |mates from the high school. I realized that taking risks advantages are | | | | | |because I was thinking it is impossible to do MBO level 4 and now I am | | | | | |doing it. I think I do need to develop the skill by taking more risks | | | | | |because later the company will need to take sometimes risks to become | | | | | |higher or making profits by investing in something. Pass 4 – SMART Targets I am going to set goals and objectives for my career using the SMART method. Short – term Achieve merit criteria: I can meet this criterion if I finish for this year every assignment including all the passes and the merits. Before I can make the merit assignment I have to pass for the pass criteria. I have to finish all the assignment and give the teacher on the first date so I can improve for it. After I have to give all my work before the final date or deadline which means that can get the merit certificate. I already made the first merit assignment and it will not be hard because if I spend enough hours on my homework, then I can finish on time. Every day I will spend 3 hours on doing my assignment in the library. This plan is realistic because my teacher can help me if I have questions about the assignment. Part-time job: I want to get a part-time job within a month by looking advertisement on newspaper and internet where they are looking for employees. I will make an application letter and fill in an application form. I will prepare myself by searching information about that business and make some good interview question for the interview and making a CV. This plan looks realistic because if I follow the above tasks then I can find a job within 2 months. Driving licence: I want to get my driving licence within a year by taking a course. I will take 3 times each week and each lesson will take 3 hours. I will take the lesson on Monday, Tuesday and Friday after my school. I will pay for the whole packet which costs â‚ ¬1000,-. I want to take 48 lessons, after that to make the exam in 2011. I already know how to drive in a car so it is really possible to get my driving licence. This plan is realistic because after the 48 lessons, I can make the theory test and the exam within 5 months. Medium term Graduate this IBS course: I want to finish this course and get my Vestiging Manager and BTEC Diploma in June 2013. I have to follow lessons (28 hours) every week from approx 8:30 till 15:00 o’clock. If I made all the six units and pass for it then I can further to the second year. I have attended all the lessons, am at good schedule and make my homework. So my motivation is good because I try to work hard to done everything. This plan is realistic because I am studying at school so teachers could help me with any questions and explain the homework. Also I do not live in Rotterdam but there are such ways to come to school by train. If I follow each all these bullet points then I can go further to the second and third class. It takes 3 years before I can graduate on this course. HBO and University: I want to do in August 2013 years to begin with HBO International Business Language course, if I graduate for my IBS in June 2013. I will follow all the lessons 5 days a week, do internship and get high grades (6-10) for all the subjects especially for Spanish and French. I want to get my propedeuse HBO in June 2014 so I can go to University to do Master Bedrijfskunde and follow only the college lesson 2 times a week. This plan is realistic because if I get high grades and follow all lessons and also get my IBS diploma that I am doing now, then it is really possible that I can go further with these goals. The HBO and Master course in the university will take together 5 years. Pass 4 – SMART Targets A Job: Besides studying International Business and Languages, I want to have a part-time job directed to whole sale the Vestiging Manager position. I will work every weekend and after school. Also I will try to do my best on the job for example being on time and making good promotion. If I do for 3 years than I have experience so later when I finish the university look for a job. I would benefit from this because after studying I am have knowledge in the job and can get higher paid than people who do not have experience. Also I have then saved enough money for the future. This plan is realistic if I have my IBS diploma and work hard at my job Car: I want to have a car when I am doing HBO and University. I can buy a car if I firstly get my driving licence. Secondly with a job I can save enough money about 5 month so I can buy a car. I will buy firstly a beautiful second hand car till I am working couple years in a company. After that then I will buy my dream car with the saved money. This plan is realistic if I have a job because I am saving enough money and have my driving licence. Long term USA and Export Manager: Later when I am finished with studying Business then I want to move USA in 2019. I can this do when I get my Master degree, have saved enough money and have enough experience in working in a company as well have learned enough languages. I want to move to Miami then and will look for vacancies for Export/Import manager. It is hard to find so quickly a home and I will handle with my friend who live there. So they find a nice house and then I will move. This plan is realistic if I my Master degree and enough save money. Also I can use the internet to look for vacancies and house. There are some couple friends who are living in Miami and they could help me, so this goal could be possible if everything goes right. Set up a lawyer company: After I have worked long time as an Export/import than I am thinking to set up my own company that will operates nationally. I will set up the lawyer business company with a couple partners. I can do all these point if I have really all the needed knowledge for business like skills. I will also prepare everything for my business like having a business plan and cash flow forecast with strategic planning. I am a creative person and I want to hire a lot of lawyers and work with them as partnership. This could give me advantage because it will become easier to set up the business and I can help people who are in trouble. I will be the leader and the lawyers are working for me as well for them self to get paid from the customers. This plan could be possible if all my goals above are going as planned. I want to start my own business in 2025 because in that time I am a professional person who knows everything how a business operates. Pass 4 – SMART Targets CV I am completing in this assignment a CV showing which skills and competencies I posses and how I gained this skills. Personal Information Name:Sharif Surname:Faduma Salah Gender:Female Address:Merendonk 120 Postcode:2317 XT Leiden Date of birth:15-05-1992 Place of birth:Mogadishu, Somalia Nationality:Netherlands Marital status:Unmarried BSN: Phone number:071-8904325 Email:[emailprotected] com Education 2006-2009: VMBO-tl at Da Vinci College in Leiden 2009-2010: BTEC First Diploma in Business at the Manchester College in Manchester 2010- 2013: International Business Studies at Zadkine in Rotterdam Working experience 007-Digros LangegrachtSelling assistant 2007Diaconessen ZiekenhuisCleaner Hobbies and interest 1Swimming 2Hockey 3Reading 4Fitness 5Dancing 6TravellingLuisteren Fonetisch lezen Woordenboek Gedetailleerd woordenboek weergeven 1. 1. to 2. bijwoord 1. too 3. voorzetsel 1. in 2. at 3. on 4. into 5. inside 6. per 4. voorvoegsel 1. over- Language skills EnglishSpeaking, reading and writing is Good DutchSpeaking, reading and writing is Good/Perfect FrenchSpeaking, reading and writing is Basic/Average SpanishSpeaking, reading and writing is Basic SomalisSpeaking, reading and writing is Average Other skills Communication:Good Teamwork:Average Presentation:Average Motivation:Good ITAverage (MS Word, Excel etc) Gained skills I gained all these skills by different things. At the most skills I did gained at school for example working with Microsoft Words, Excel by following lessons in the class. Also we make all our assignment at MS Words that is how I gained this skill. Also I had learned the most languages at school by making homework and assessments in that language. In my other skills that are shown above (the most) is my own skill that I did not gained from someone. I did gained the presentation skills in the class when I had to give a presentation in a specific subject Pass 5 – Demonstrate transferrable business skills In this assignment I will describe in which areas I apply these skills and in what way. Team working: is very important when you work in an organization. When I work in a team I can learn different methods to finish the work. I gain this skill from the projects at school and also I am a social person, so it is easily to work with everyone. Also I gained this skill not only from myself but in the class when we have to make a presentation or project together. We are then with more than 2 people and have to make plans. We have to discuss and listen to each ours ideas and opinions and work together to finish our work. Patient: I am a little bit impatient person. I do not like when something takes so long and or wait for someone. I can get frustrated and stressed for example in the lesson when a teacher explains what we have to do, then I want to begin quick with working and not have to wait till everyone questions are answered. Or when I am waiting for someone and is too late for the appointment then I get really mad. I do not get this gained from my family but my impatiently occurs what I have said above and because of this I get impatient. Creativity: I am a very creative person even the teachers and friends say that. I do have always ideas and that brings to make something original and I do not have to think a lot about it and I work hard to make to make a nice result. With creativity I think I am a perfectionist because I will work hard till I get my done. I won in the primary school a lot of challenges that has to do with being creativity. I am born with this skill because when I was very young I could always make something creative e. g. for Santa-Clause. I did made a Fish made from a strong-dried balloon wit glue, newspaper and paint and also and with a stick like you catch a fish. Listening skill: I am a good listener because I listen to everyone when we have to discuss about a specific subject. I listen to people so if there is a problem so I can solve it or to help that person by listen carefully. In the class I do 2 things together like listen to the teacher and making my work at the same time. Only there is 1 problem when I have a listening test in the class I cannot concentrate because I am focusing on one thing. I gain this skill by from the teachers from the primary school. They always learned us when someone is talking that we have to shut our mouth and listen what we have to do in the class or what the homework is. So that we won’t ask the same questions that she already has answered. Also I gained this skill when I was working in a team that I have to listen to someone other ideas or discuss. Social skill I am a very social person; I can work with everyone easily. I am respectful to everyone and also polite. I like to help people very much when they have a problem like they have not finished their assignment than I let them show my work so they have an idea to finish the work before the deadline. Personally I don’t think that I have gained this skill from my family even they are social. I am mostly social person and in any cases and it goes easily without trying be social person. I think it is nature of me being a social person. Motivation: I think that I am very motivated person. I really want to finish this education successful. I do get 2 diploma’s for IBS and that what my short-term goal is. I am finishing all my assignments on time so I can get feedback on it so I can improve on my work. I gain this skill last year because I saw how important for me was when I heard that cannot go the level 4 MBO. It gave me a lot of motivation now and I realize that I have to work hard before I can become a business manager. I like also to come to school and make homework and cannot imagine my life without school and if I want something I will get it. Pass 5 – Demonstrate transferrable business skills Planning/organizing: I am not very in good in planning and organization. But at this time I am not behind the schedule and working forward. These skills are essential because if I want to achieve my goal- they help keep focusing on doing the right tasks. Now I am doing IBS, it is very important to organize and plan my work so I can finish on time. Later these skills could give me a benefit because I have the ability to manage and to work efficiency and reduce all the stress. I gained this skill from school because without planning and organizing I cannot finish my work and it is obligated and necessary. Also with I have learned planning and organizing when I am busy with a project in a team. Leadership: I don’t know if I have this skill because I do not place every time myself in the leadership position. I only do this when nobody wants to take it. I will take only the leadership when I am working in a group and want to make sure that everything is doing well. When I see that my group isn’t taking serious then I will feel responsible for the whole project and work hard to finish it. I can gain this skill only when I am working in a team. Or the teacher chose me as the leadership or if I do see that no one is doing something. I talk to them and say to them that their way of working not it is working and that they have to do on my way. I check everything before handing the project. Self-confident: I am not very confident person because sometimes I feel insecure when I have give presentation in front of a group people. I get then very nervous, my body shakes, speak to fast and don’t make an eye contact. Sometimes I hide my nerves by smiling and laughing. I did gain this low self confidence because some of my family where saying many times that I was too fat and I am believe that now because I am not critic to myself. Also by presentation, in the past people were saying that giving a presentation in front of a class really difficult. From that time I have a fear for giving presentation. Problem solving: I think I am a good problem solver because if there arise a problem. I am always the person who comes up with solutions. I am a good thinker and can make good ideas. Later this skill I would need definitely because a company has always to face with difficulties and problems. I gained this skill in the class and from family. My mother is also a good problem solver, she find for every kind a problem a solution. At school we have always to brainstorm for example by the Economic lesson. We had to find solutions about different companies who had a problem. Work alone: I am more likely to work on my own because I won’t be distracted by other people. I like to work independency because I can focus on my work and finish on time and it is the best way to learn. If I work with other person, the work is easily to finish because we have both ideas and done the work and I won’t learn anything. I also do like to work alone because when I am working with other people, I have then to listen what the team leader order us to do it and I like to do on my own way. I think that I did gain this skill from the irritating teamwork Stress Management: I can be very stressful when I am in an unwanted situation. I can deal with this if I stay calm down then I can manage my stress. I do all the time something to distract me like fitness or working on my assignment because if I sit down I would not do anything else than stressing. I think that I have to improve on this skill to become stress resistant. I did gain this skill being stress resistant by calming down when I am in an unwanted situation. I have also made a research on Google about how to reduce stress and try to follow. Pass 5 – Demonstrate transferrable business skills Languages: I can speak different languages like Dutch, Engels, basic French. Also I can speak my own language Somalis very influently like English and Dutch. I think I need to develop some languages like French, Spanish because it gives me for now and later the advantages. If I learn all these languages than I can do on HBO International Business Languages and when I am working I can work later in other countries. Also I had learned the most languages at school by making homework, assessments in that language and also with my friends and watching TV. Speaking Somalis I did learned that just at home talking with my mum and brother. Communication: To communicate is the most important thing in my life as well for everyone. It is necessary that I can communicate with other person because if I will not do that then problems could arise like misunderstanding. I think that good I am in communication because I can talk easily and clear with other person. I gain this skill when I went to grow up from a baby to a toddler. I have also learned to communicate when there are meetings or social network. At the class I have develop a lot with my communication because when I am at school I talk a lot and that makes for me easier every times to talk with someone and understand each other by non-verbal and verbal communication. Taking risks: I am very bad in taking risks, because I am afraid that things would go wrong or waist my invested money. I did once take a risk and that was by doing the same class in the high school and then I left school without high school certificate. But now I am doing the same level MBO as my class mates from the high school. I realized that taking risks advantages are because I was thinking it is impossible to do MBO level 4 and now I am doing it. I did took this skill a little bit because sometimes I am so scared that something won’t work out and I try to take a risks but this cause also too much stress. I gain this skill when something what I did is failed and I want really that it won’t fail, that is the moments when I take risks. M2 – Monitor and audit progress towards targets using appropriate success criteria Driving licence: I want to get my driving licence within a year by taking a course. I will take 3 times each week and each lesson will take 3 hours. I am also learning now the theory book everyday when I come from school. I practise each day and takes me a half hour. I will take the lesson on Monday, Tuesday and Friday after or before I have to go my school. I will pay for the whole packet which costs â‚ ¬1000,- because I will save â‚ ¬440 more money than when I pay every lesson â‚ ¬30,- . I want to take 48 lessons, after that to make the exam in 2011. I already know how to drive in a car so it is really possible to get my driving licence. This plan is realistic because after the 48 lessons, I can make the theory test and the exam within 5 months. I do not have now driving lesson but this timetable would be my the times I will take the lesson by looking at the green marks. [pic] IBS course: I want to finish this course and get my Vestiging Manager and BTEC Diploma in June 2013. I have to follow lessons (28 hours) every week from approx 8:30 till 15:00 o’clock. If I made all the six units and pass for it then I can further to the second year. I must attend all the lessons, being on good schedule and make my homework. Having a good motivation and try work hard to done everything. Then I can go further to the second and third class and have to do same thing. It takes 3 years before I can graduate on this course. The steps I will take are to hold a time schedule for the whole week with me. This shows me what time I have to go school. Follow the entire lesson and get good grades will help me further. Part-time job: I want to get a part-time job within a month by looking advertisement on newspaper and internet where they are looking for employees. I will make an application letter and fill in an application form. I will prepare myself by searching information about that business and make some good interview question for the interview and making a CV. I will look every time on the website and keep an eye on the vacancies. [pic] Achieve merit criteria: I can meet this criterion if I finish for this year every assignment including all the passes and the merits. Before I can make the merit assignment I have to pass for the pass criteria. I have to finish all the assignment and give the teacher on the first date so I can improve for it. After I have to give all my work before the final date or deadline which means that can get the merit certificate. I already made the first merit assignment and it will not be hard because if I spend enough hours on my homework, then I can finish on time. Every day I will spend 3 hours on doing my assignment in the library. I keep a diary with me so I can work towards my homework on time. This is how my diary looks like: [pic] HBO and University: I want to do in August 2013 years to begin with HBO International Business Language course, if I graduate for my IBS in June 2013. I will follow all the lessons 5 days a week, do internship and get high grades (6-10) for all the subjects especially for Spanish and French. I want to get my propedeuse HBO in June 2014 so I can go to University to do Master Bedrijfskunde and follow only the college lesson 3 days (18 hours) a week. The HBO and Master course in the university will take together 5 years. I can achieve this goal if I reach the third year of IBS. Doing the trainee ship perfectly and finish my career plan and het enough grades. So I can do HBO. On the HBO I have to attend 5 full days, doing all my projects and assessments good. I have to do trainee ship (5 month) in other countries therefore I have to manage the French and Spanish very good. I will do subjects like statistics, mathematics and financial management very good. Also I have to get knowledge of culture and economy. Then after the first year I want to do my HBO bachelor on the university. I cannot keep now a diary but I am planning to work towards to meet this goal. Car: I want to have a car when I am doing HBO and University. I can buy a car if I firstly get my driving licence. Secondly with a job I can save enough money about 5 month so I can buy a car. I will buy firstly a beautiful second hand car till I am working couple years in a company. After that then I will buy my dream car with the saved money. This plan is realistic if I have a job because I am saving enough money and have my driving licence. Get my driving license. Have a job that is paid good Save money by money save big [pic] M3 – Asses ways of achieving the level and types of transferable business skills. Fonetisch lezen   I am going to describe how I will develop this missing skills and why I will develop this. Taking risks: I am very bad in taking risks. I will develop this skill by taking every time a risk. I can use the internet for steps to take risks. I will ask when myself question if I stuck in a solving problem or I want to see more growth in the invested business. For example what is keeping me from solving the problem etc. after that I have to brainstorm and look for alternative. The other step is to be optimistic because when believe in myself everything goes right. This is how I will develop this skill and looking information on the internet, buy a book and make a handling irrational beliefs model in tools for personal growth. I want to develop this skill because this way is to succeed in a person live. Also is important that I have to undertake a huge amount of risk when I am starting my own business. If the risk I took become successful than I will be happy and the company will growth and if not than I could be wiser to do next time with better techniques. I can explain an evidence that could show the development of the lacking skill by invest my saved money in a brand new business that is set up by a friend of my. They are producing new kind a product and want to see if it will become popular in the Netherland. I am taking the risk by put all my saving money in that business and wait what will happen in the near future. Stress management: I can be very stressful when I am in an unwanted situation. I can deal with this if I stay calm down then I can manage my stress. I am to all the time something to distract me like fitness or working on my assignment because if I sit down I would not do anything else than stressing. I can blow it off by deep breathing and then I feel my stress reduced. I can do this 2-4 deep breathes several times a day, so that I become more relaxed. Also when I have stress and I want to manage that I take progressive relaxation. Also using a stress ball can keep me out stressed. Manage my stress is important for later because if I would stress all the time. I cannot make the right decision, work quickly and have done my work. When I am working later in a business I want to control my emotions. This skill could help me later that I am calm in every situation bad or not and I can work efficiently. I can explain evidence that could show the development of the lacking skill by making my assignment for the first date on that day. I will then begin with the assignment a couple hours before the first date what I am doing now. I am just making now my assignment at 10 o’clock and I have to give this assignment later on this day at 15:00 o’clock. I am doing relaxed my homework without thinking all the time ‘oh no I cannot finish this on time’. M3 – Asses ways of achieving the level and types of transferable business skills. Fonetisch lezen Self-confidence: I am not very confident person because sometimes I feel insecure when I have give presentation in front of a group people. I get then very nervous, my body shakes, speak to fast and don’t make an eye contact. In this case I am going to laugh when I try to hide my nervous. I can develop this skill by doing more things like fitness so I feel secure about my body. Eating health food and relax and don’t think to critic about myself. Self confidence is important because if I come in a room I can change all the attitudes everyone in that room. A manager must have self confidence because that attracts more friends, consumers but commands respect too. Self confidence is the basis of someone’s live. Lacking of self confidence will slow down the steps and prevent someone from taking initiative. I can explain evidence that could show the development of the lacking skill by giving a presentation to a whole group of people that are enthusiastic to listen to my. The more I give presentation to person, the more my fear will be gone in develop more confidence. Patient: I am a little bit impatient person. I do not like when something takes so long and it annoys me. I can get frustrated and stressed for example if I am waiting for someone and it takes too long. I can gain this skill by trying every time to calm down and take yoga will help me I think. Also when I want to get quickly and cannot wait for it. To think about something else like reading a newspaper or listen to music and then the time will go quicker. I will just distract myself like get a piece of paper and write down when I feel rushed and the sense of impatience. Every time when I feel the sense of impatience occurs to write down for couple weeks. I want to develop this skill because later when I am working in a business or have a child, I need to be patient. If I do not develop this skill than I could be really quick annoyed or being mad. Being patient helps me preventing having stressed and getting high pressure. I can explain evidence that could show the development of the lacking skill by make a bet and I win the challenge and the price is to win a lot of money. By this I cannot wait directly to win and get the money. I will try then to say to that person just give me that money when you have enough money and not now. I show in this case patiently. 1. zelfstandig naamwoord 1. reach 2. scope 3. grasp 4. compass 5. shot

Stafford Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Stafford Act - Essay Example However, despite the act having very clear stipulations on the process of emergency declaration, types of assistance on disaster available and means of dispatching and coordinating the assistance, critics have pointed out over a number of weaknesses of the Act as it is. The shortcomings pointed out over the act therefore necessitate a thorough reform on the Stafford Act in order to ensure its efficiency and effectiveness is guaranteed. Thesis statement: A complete reformation of the Act is not only important but also argent as the Stafford Act lacks flexibility and is slow to provide cash quickly in the event of disaster which is declared an emergency. Major shortcomings of the Act as it is are observed right from the procedures that are to be followed in declaration of an emergency as a disaster by the governor and the president to the ultimate response through financial and physical support as deemed necessary. The main weakness observed by this paper is on the lack of flexibility and quick response as is caused by lots of bureaucracy while establishing the magnitude of the effect of the disaster by the local authorities and having the governor request for assistance from the president through writing which must also pass through such offices as the office of regional director. In spite of the fact that procedures of intergovernmental coordination are highly bureaucratic, the act fails to acknowledge that in the event of an emergency, prompt response is critical and as such establishes less bureaucratic procedure through which state governments should involve the federal government n prompt response to emergencies resultant from a disaster. Much of time is spent while a governor evaluates and estimates the magnitude of the effect of a disaster in terms of costs to be incurred in mitigating the effects, evaluating the localized impacts, evaluating coverage by insurance policies in place, processes of hazard mitigation as well as

The City of Corinth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The City of Corinth - Essay Example In the 1st century, the public marketplace of Corinth (agora, forum) was bigger than any that was in Rome. By 50 A.D. Corinth was visited by Paul. The city was the most modern, beautiful, and industrious city in Greece.According to Acts 18:4, the city was a Jewish synagogue. Crispus who was the ruler of the synagogue was baptized by Paul himself (1 Cor. 1:14). Apparently Timothy and Silas the remaining converts at Corinth. In the city of Corinth, one could find the cults of the gods of Rome, Egypt, and Rome (Bergant, et al 78). The Temple of Aphrodite, goddess of love, was standing at the top of Acrocorinth; by Paul’s time, it had fallen into ruins. This was a city that was catering for traveling salesmen and sailors who spent their money gladly there. â€Å"Corinth† became a phrase for immorality which was often mentioned by Paul. Corinth eventually became not just a synonym for luxury and wealth, debauchery and wealth, but even for faith. Also famous in Corinth was th e Posedon temple, ruler of the sea (the commercial life of Corinth depended on it) and the earthquakes maker (a common peril in the area).   In the city, as commonly found in different parts of ancient Greece, there existed a shrine devoted to Asklepios, the healing god, and Hygieia his daughter. On the hill that was overlooking the main forum of the Roman city, stood the Apollo’s temple, which was serving as a reminder of the ancient splendor of Corinth.  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Nursing Education Essay Example for Free

Nursing Education Essay This paper will outline the differences in competencies between Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN), and Bachelor in Science of Nursing (BSN) prepared nurses. Then identify a patient care situation describing how nursing care or approaches to decision making may differ based upon the educational preparation of the nurse. The Free online Dictionary (2013) depicts competency as â€Å"The quality of being competent or capable of performing an allotted function.† Here is a comparison of two different pathways to becoming a Registered Nurse: Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN), and Bachelor in Science of Nursing (BSN) programs. Born out of the nursing shortage in 1952, the Associate Degree nurse came in to fruition thanks to Mildred Montag. The Associate Degree program for Registered Nurses is two-three years length. This program does hold academic credit based on clinical and general studies preparing these students to be able to function as â€Å"technical† bedside nurses. At the end of the ADN program students are eligible to take the NCLEX-RN (Creasia Reid, 2011). The Bachelors of Science program is four years in length and actually regarded by the American Nurse association as the original entry level requirement to becoming a Registered Nurse (Smith, 2009). This program originated in 1909. The BSN program is based on evidence based practice, Community nursing, and prepares these nurses for leadership roles whereas the ADN programs do not function to prepare nurses in leadership roles (Creasia Reid, 2011). This is due to the program providing education, described by Creasia Reid, 2011, also on â€Å"Information management, health care policy and finance, communication/collaboration, clinical Prevention/population health and professional values.† (p. 25). At the end of the program these Nurses are eligible to take the NCLEX-RN. With differences in the level of education among RN’s this brings up the controversial topic of: Do the difference in educational levels of BSN prepared nurse and ADN nurse make the more educated BSN more prepared for the challenges of nursing today? There is much more research needed on this topic. Online Journals such as Policy Politics Nursing Practice Ellenbecker, 2011 state, â€Å"Today’s environment of expanding knowledge, the call for interdisciplinary healthcare delivery teams, and evidence of the relationship between nurse education and improved patient outcomes strongly indicate the need for nurses prepared at the baccalaureate level.† (115-125). Studies such as Aiken (2003) depict negative outcomes such as failure to rescue and mortality were nineteen percent lower in hospitals post-surgical patients where sixty percent of the nurses had baccalaureate degrees. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing 2003 provide an entire fact sheet depicting h ow BSN nurses may be more prepared than diploma or ADN to meet the demands of nursing today. They state this is due to the broader span of course work provided in the BSN program. The BSN nurse learns what the diploma and ADN nurse learn but receive a more â€Å"in depth† experience thus allowing them enhanced â€Å"professional development, a greater understating of cultural, political, economic and social issues affecting patients and influencing health care delivery.† (AACN 2003). Nurses holding a BSN education could indeed be more able to provide the approach of looking at the patient as a whole, as well as enhanced critical thinking skills. (AACN 2003). One clinical example that depicts the difference in patient care situation describing how nursing care or approaches to decision-making may differ based upon the educational preparation of the nurse BSN versus a diploma or ADN degree. The issue of â€Å"may† provide different approaches to decision making is appropriate. There are studies that support that BSN prepared nurses are better prepared and studies that suggest that there is no significant difference in care delivered by BSN compared to the care delivered ADN and Diploma nurses. When faced with the evidence that BSN prepared nurses are taught a higher level of education and to utilize evidence based practice (AACN 2003) (Creasia Reid, 2011). The BSN prepared nurse may be better prepared to think more critically and research why they do a task and not just do the task blindly. For instance evidence-based practice provides hospitals with ways to decrease CAUTI from occurring (AJIC 2011). This is â€Å"Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI). According to AJIC 2011, â€Å"CAUTI are â€Å"common, morbid, and costly†. â€Å"Nearly 25% of hospitalized patients are catheterized yearly, and 10% develop urinary tract infections. Evidence based guidelines exist for indwelling urinary catheter management but are not consistently followed.† (pp. 1-6). Being educated enough to look up what the evidence based practice guidelines on catheters are can significantly increase positive patient outcomes. Furthermore, AJIC 2011 states also that when nurses where â€Å"re-educated† on a â€Å"basic skill† and† infusing best evidence into current practice were important to raise awareness of simple interventions that positively impacted patient outcomes and infusing best evidence into current practice were important to raise awareness of simple interventions that positively impacted patient outcomes.† (pp. 1-6). Nurses who are more educated on reasons behind evidence based practice understand the importance of implementing it into current nursing practice. So it could be said that a BSN prepared nurse is more likely to utilize the practice guidelines that are evidence based. This provides an example how a BSN nurse could be more likely to make a different judgment call than a diploma or and nurse and take initiative to ask the MD for an order to support an evidence-based decision. To summarize there three pathways to becoming a Registered Nurse: Diploma, ADN, and BSN programs. Each has unique qualities. The program that offers a more â€Å"in-depth† education is the BSN program. All programs lead to the same end point of allowing the student to the NCLEX-RN. There are varying viewpoints on whether or not a BSN versus ADN nurse is better educationally prepared for the nursing workforce today. References American Association of Colleges of Nursing. (2013). The impact of education on nursing practice. Retrieved on January 18, 2013 from: http://www.aacn.nche.edu/media-relations/fact-sheets/impact-of-education Aiken, L. H. (2003). Educational levels of hospital nurses and surgical patient mortality. Journal of the American Medical Association, 290 , 1617–1623. Retrieved on January 19, 2013 from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3077115/ Creasia, J. L., Reid, PHD, RN, K. B. (2011). Conceptual foundations the bridge to professional nursing practice. (5th ed.). Ch. 2, pp.1-39. St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier Mosby. Retrieved on January 19, 2013 from: http://pageburstls.elsevier.com/books/978-0-323-06869-7 Ellenbecker PhD, RN, C. (2010, 08 30). Policy politics and nursing practice preparing the Nursing Workforce of the Future. vol. 11 no. 2 115-125. Retrieved from on January 19, 2013: http://ppn.sagepub.com/content/11/2/115.abstract Farlex, Inc. (2013). The free dictionary. Retrieved on January 19, 2013 from: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/competencies Oman, K. S., Flynn Makic, M. B. (2011). Nurse-directed interventions to reduce catheter associated urinary tract infections. American Journal of Infection Control, 1-6. Retrieved on January 19, 2013 from: http://www.ucdenver.edu/academics/colleges/medicalschool/departments/medicine/hcpr/cauti/documents/TeamPublications/Nurse-Directed Interventions to Reduce Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections.pdf

Malcolm X, the Movie Essay -- Spike Lee

Spike Lee's version of Malcolm X's life is similar to the historical Malcolm X. By watching the movie and knowing who he was and his beliefs, one can easily tell how alike they are. When the movie starts Malcolm Little is getting his hair cut. The appearance is that he wants to look more like a white person. Malcolm X's father is a preacher, but the KKK came to the house to burn it down. Later, Malcolm's father is killed by being tied to the rail road tracks when a train comes. His father died when Malcolm was just a child.. After Malcolm's dad died A white woman came to tell Malcolm that they were going to take her kids away because she was an "unsuitable mother". They then sent Malcolm to a detention home which drove his mother insane. While at a club Malcolm met a white girl by the name of Sophia. They later moved in together. When Malcolm was in his early 20's he met a man which got him into the "gangster" life-style. He then began doing drugs. To feel like he was in with everyone else, Malcolm gets new clothes and a a gun. The gang, and Malcolm got into a lot of gambling. Malcolm messed up and almost got himself killed by the gang. Malcolm had to leave town with Sophia and Shorty, because the gang was still after them. Malcolm and Shorty later robbed a man's house and got caught. Shorty and Malcolm are sent to jail for 10 years at Charlestown State Prison for sleeping with a white women and for robbery. In prison, Malcolm got beaten for not knowing his prison number. He met a man named Banes. Banes talked to Malcolm about God. Banes was trying to get Malcolm out of prison. Malcolm finally reads and realizes what he has to do to get out of prison. Malcolm reads the Bible, other books, and he wrote letters to fellow Muslims. Banes teaches Malcolm about Islam religion and Elijah Muhammed. Finally after ten long years Malcolm finally gets out of prison. When Malcolm got out of prison he decided he would go out on the streets and make speeches about the Nation of Islam. After Malcolm became a Muslim, he went to see Archie. The old gang that Malcolm was in is getting in lots of trouble. While involved with the Muslim Nation, Malcolm meets sister Betty. Malcolm falls in love marries Betty and has three children. Brother Banes, a good friend of Malcolm's, gets beaten by police and then the police take him to the prison. Malcolm is tol... ... of Afro-American Unity. On the 21, of February in 1965 Malcolm was murdered. When he was buried he went by the name of Al Hajj Al-Shabazz, the name that he took in 1964 after his pilgrimage to Mecca. Malcolm has much influence on blacks and whites. Malcolm was a man of the people, in his ways of teaching on the street instead of going to college to become a preacher. The movie Malcolm X was very well portrayed by Spike Lee. It is historically accurate in the life of Malcolm X. It showed many of the struggles that he faced in making black history. The movie Malcolm X showed all the emotion of the original events, and it made the audience feel like they were reliving history. Some may not agree with Malcolm's point of view. However, the movie is accurate, as well as thrilling, and it pulls the audience into it. There is superb emotion and feeling. In all, the movie Malcolm X is a historically accurate movie of the true life of Malcolm Little. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- For more information on Malcolm X, please visit Three Speeches By Malcolm X, a page that contains other links to resources of this intruiging historical figure.

Los Zetas

RUNNING HEAD: Los Zetas Nolita Oliveira Wayland Baptist University Dr. Paul Lankford Borderland Beat Reporter Overmex (2010, August 26), reported 72 illegal immigrants from El Salvador, Honduras, Ecuador and Brazil, were found dead on a ranch in San Fernando, Tamaulipas, which is 150 km from the U. S. border city of Brownsville. This discovery came from one survivor who found his way to the Navy troops and reported members of the Los Zeta cartel at the nearby ranch. According to the Borderland Beat; 21 rifles, six 5. mm M4 carbines, three 7. 60 mm AK-47, seven 12 gauge shotguns, five . 22 caliber rifles, 101 magazines, two ammunition belts, six thousand 649 cartridges of various calibers, four bullet proof vests, one helmet, four trucks, one with the Ministry of National Defense (SEDENA), were also found at the ranch. With such a rich supply of ammunition and a massacre of men and women with their hands and feet tied, the question remains, how have the Los Zetas become so powerful? Los Zeta’s was originally founded by a group of highly trained Mexican Army Special Forces deserters and has expanded to include corrupted former federal, state, and local police officers hired by Mexico’s Gulf Cartel (Los Zetas, 2010, November 22). The group originally consisted of 31 members with the first leader, Lieutenant Arturo Guzman Decena using his Federal Judicial Police radio code to become identified as Z1. This code was given to high-ranking officers for the Commanding Federal Judicial Police Officers in Mexico. Zeta is also named for the letter in Spanish. Decena was born in 1976 and trained with an elite Mexican military group called Grupo Aeromovil de Fuerzas Especiales (GAFE) which were trained in counter- insurgency and locating and apprehending drug cartel members, with Decena came 30 other GAFE deserters. Decena was killed in 2002 and his second-in-command Z2 was captured in 2004 (Decena, 2010, November 27). The current leader is Z3 Heriberto Lazcano. Los Zeta’s was originally hired to track down and kill rival cartel members and provide protection for the Gulf Cartel. Their power has grown and their savagery has had no boundaries. In 2003 Los Zetas negotiated a pact with the Gulf Cartel and the Beltran –Leyva Cartel to engage their own drug shipments (Los Zetas, 2010, November 22). Seven years later after the pact, Los Zetas have violently turned against their former partner, the Gulf Cartel, and have formed alliances with the Juarez Cartel, Tijuana Cartel and the Beltran- Leyva Cartel. The other major faction alignment includes the Gulf Cartel, Sinaloa Cartel, and La Familia Cartel. In response to the Los Zeta’s savagery the Sinaloa Cartel hired another armed enforcer gang, Los Negros, to fight back. Los Negros have also turned their back and become independent are gaining more control of regions. As with other terrorist organizations, such as al Qaeda, there are roots to the source of the evil. According to Brookes (2005), it is important to understand the many reasons for the terrorist phenomenon includes radical religious ideology, poor governance, a lack of economic opportunity, social alienation, demographic pressure, and political isolation (page 11). Although Los Zeta’s. Los Negros, or other Mexican Cartels have not been listed as terrorist organizations by the U. S. Department of State their actions are in compliance with the different definitions of terrorism. Narcoterrorist would describe what these Mexican Cartels are. The statutory definition used by National Counterterrorism Center NCTC states that terrorism is premeditated, politically motivated violence directed against non-combatants (Benjamin, D. 2010,August 5). According to Narcoterrorism (2010, December 6), former Peru President coined the term narcoterrorism when describing terrorist-type attacks against nation’s anti-narcotics policy. The term was originally understood to mean â€Å"the attempts of narcotics traffickers to influence the policies of a government or a society through violence and intimidation and to hinder the enforcement of the law and the administration of justice by the systematic threat or use of such violence (Narcoterrorism). FARC, ELN, Hamas, Taliban, and AUC in Colombia, and PCP- SL in Peru are all known terrorist organizations that engage in drug trafficking activity to fund their operations and gain recruits and expertise. Describing the horrific killing and torturing tactics Los Zetas use against their countrymen, government, innocent men, women, and children could be best described as simply terrorist, the best term when describing them would be narcoterrorist. Their battle against their own and the United States is not deeply rooted to a religion or some other similar ideology known terrorist organization’s base their practice on. These cartels are simply money hungry, power tripping, double crossing, unfaithful to any cause, and will burn their own to reach their desired level. The War on Drugs is not a new concept simply invented overnight by someone to calm people down or put the fear into those pushing and selling. According to Head (2011), there is a history dating back to the early 1900’s when the Harrison Tax Act of 1914 was enforced to restrict the sale of heroin and cocaine. The Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 attempted to tax marijuana because it was an alleged â€Å"getaway drug† for heroin uses and was popular among Mexican- American immigrants. President Eisenhower was considered the first president to literally call for a war on drugs and he stressed his determination by establishing mandatory minimum federal sentences for possession of marijuana, cocaine, and opiates. The increase in federal penalties was under the Narcotic Control Act of 1956. Today the war on drugs has made it difficult to determine what is legal and illegal. Depending on the drug and the wording of drug policy legislation, narcotics are illegal except when prescribed to a certain individual. In 1996 California legalized marijuana for medical use and both the Bush and Obama administration have arrested California medical marijuana distributors (Head). The current strategy for the War on Drugs as determined by President Obama’s drug policy coordinator, which is end War on Drugs terminology and attempt to rebrand federal antidrug efforts as simple harm- reduction strategies (Head). Head also quoted â€Å"you can’t declare war on inanimate objects, social phenomena, moods, or abstractions— and it’s a rhetorical convention that has determined the way our country views drug policy enforcement (Head). If you can’t declare war on these inanimate objects, social phenomena, moods or abstractions, and you can’t declare war on a country without resources to fight a war, than how do you rid the world of narcoterrorist? It’s simply not possible. Mexico has been the main foreign supplier of marijuana and methamphetamines to the U. S. Dr ug cartels have been illegally transporting an estimated 70 % of foreign narcotics such as cocaine, heroin, and other drugs into the United States and other countries but were not transporting in such violent methods as used today (Mexico Drug War, 2011, January 3). Mexican Drug War also states that Mexico only accounts for a small share of worldwide heroin production but is the major distributor of heroin introduced into the United States. The U. S. Department estimates 90% of the cocaine is mainly produced by Colombia but entered into the U. S. through Mexico. Mexico and the U. S. borders have been used since the mid- 1980’s when Mexico had established organizations competent and reliable to transport Colombian cocaine. Mexican cartels were given 30 % to 50 % of the cocaine shipment which led the cartels to become traffickers and distributors. Although the first few decades after the development of the cartels was passive, since 2006 the Mexican Cartels have turned deadly battling for territory rights and turning on each other. According to Timeline of the Mexican Drug War (2010, December 18), the deployment of Mexican Army soldiers into Michoacan to end drug violence was regarded as the first major retaliation made against cartel violence in Mexico and was regarded as the starting point of the Mexican Drug War between the government and drug cartels. The war escalated with each increase in military troops making Los Zeta’s violence against Mexicans harsher and frequent. It was reported 150 Mexican soldiers and police officers were killed as opposed to the 500 cartel gunmen killed in 2006. Violence surged and by 2008 there was a record of 5, 630 death. The kidnapping, torture, and decapitation of seven off duty soldiers and one police commander were included in this death toll. In 2008 high ranking police officials and government officials were gunned down or executed. The decapitated heads of the off duty police officials were left in a shopping center to be found with a threatening note to the military. Their terrorism tactics have since left their marks to be remembered. With Los Zetas becoming more violent and demanding more plaza’s the need for outside and local forces free from corruption is highly in demand. Regardless of the attempts to weed out those with possible links to Los Zetas or any cartel will remain impossible to prevent the introduction of new and easily corrupted officials. This can be said for their recruitment of poor, military, law enforcement and government officials. According to Los Zetas, their main recruits are all corrupted ex- federal, state, and local police officers as well as the poor men and women and former Kaibiles from Guatemala. This group does recruit women to help run the organization. The Kaibilies are special operations force of the Guatemala military and specialize in jungle warfare tactics and counter- insurgency operations (Kaibilies, 2010 November 2). There is also hierarchy within the group, just like other organized crime organizations. According to Los Zetas there are five groups. The first group consisted of the Los Halcones (The Hawks) and they were responsible for monitoring the distribution zones. The second group is the Las Ventanas (The Windows) who are bike-riding mid- teens responsible for warning the presence of police and other suspicious individuals near small stores that sell drugs. The Los Manosos (The Tricky Ones) gathered the arms. Los Zetas employ prostitute women who are called Los Leopardos (Leapards). The Los Zetas also have the Direccion (Command) which consists of 20 communications experts who intercept phone calls, follow and identify suspicious automobiles and are also known to accomplish kidnappings and executions. All of these groups form the composition of Los Zetas (Los Zetas). Los Zetas can also be compared to al- Qaida, in that their myriads of extensive criminal activities. They kidnap, murder- for- hire, use extortion, money- launder, smuggle humans and are involved with oil siphoning. Like al Qaeda, they have adopted a cell- like structure to limit the information known about members within the organization. Los Zeta’s boldness and cells are spread globally and it has been reported that the FBI were warned that a Los Zetas cell in Texas would use full tactical response if they intervened on their operations. Los Zetas have been able to take over and lord over a great deal of territories by battling it out with their enemies. Los Zetas is mainly based in the border region of Nuevo Laredo and have established lookouts in airports, bus stations, and main roads. They are also along the Gulf Coast region, Tabasco, Yucatan, Quintana Roo, Chiaps, Pacific Coast states, including Guerror, Oaxaca, Michocan, and in Mexico City. Los Zetas hires Mexican gangs such as the Texas Syndicate and MS-13 to carry out their contract killings (Los Zetas). According to the NarcoGuerra Times the DEA officials in Canada, Italy, and Mexico had arrested 175 members of the Zetas who were connected with the Ndrangheta. Los Zeta’s has been operating in approximately 47 countries and have been said to have established connections with the Italian Calabrian mafia known as Ndrangheta (NarchGuerra Times, 2009, September 19). There is research showing the Zetas and Ndrangheta had been working together for more than two years, since Europe needed the cocaine. The main reason their connection is important is because Ndrangheta is considered a major transnational criminal organization dealing in nuclear waste. Their partnership has also allowed the Zetas to advance their money laundering, real estate and human trafficking into Europe (Narco Guerra Times). Forming alliances with foreign countries organized criminal divisions will only make it harder for the Mexican government fight their war against the cartels and for these countries to fight their wars on drugs. America has been battling with the war on drugs and so have other countries’ making it harder to clean up the streets is becoming more impossible with each cell developed in other locations. Mexico’s battle with corruption within all the levels of police departments and constant recruitments with gangs across the border and international waters has made it harder for Homeland Security to fight the battle. Mexico’s war against the cartels seem to only be escalating the issue and although many of the main cartel members throughout the different territories have been brought to justice, it seems their war on that side of the border is not accomplishing much but more bled shed on both sides of the border. As one of the strongest and dominant countries, America could provide the assistance needed. Many may debate this or feel America has their hand in too many countries affairs but the fact remains the brutality and narcoterrorist tactics used by Los Zetas and other cartels will continue to increase. This is not saying President Calderon has rejected American help or has been using other security tactics to help prosecute criminals associated with known narcoterrorist organizations. According to Hansen (2008, November 20), Mexico has pursued different methods for security tactics including extraditing alleged criminals to the United States, including the head of the Gulf Cartel. They have also been actively attempting to dismantle illegal methamphetamine labs, cocaine shipments, and eradicate marijuana. This shows promise but only twenty six meth labs were dismantled between 2002 and 2007. President Calderon developed a 2008 constitutional reform that merged their Federal Preventive Police (PFP) and the Federal Agency of Investigation (AFI). The AFI is similar to the FBI and gathers intelligence and the PFP is responsible for maintaining public order but does not have investigative abilities. President Calderon constitutional reforms of 2008 also called for reforms on criminal procedures. The reforms include oral trials with public proceedings, sentencing based on the evidence presented during trial, judges who are allowed to quickly rule on search warrant requests (Hansen). Their old ways used written trial procedures that could last for years. These efforts show some willingness to adopt new and effective methods using foreign help and using modern legal methods but it is still not enough. According to Hernandez (2010, February 25), the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) based out of Vienna stated that Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina were sending out the wrong messages in their legislative and judicial developments that were aimed to decriminalize the possession of some drugs. With their declaration Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina rebutted and claimed that the INCB was overstepping their organizations mandated and were unwarranted intrusions in their countries sovereign decision-making and that the INCB has no jurisdiction over police changes made within sovereign nations. In 2009 Mexico decriminalized the possession of small amounts of marijuana, cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine (Hernandez). Brazil replaced prison sentences with education and treatment for small-time drug offenders in 2006. In 2009 Argentina’s Supreme Court declared punishment for possession of marijuana for personal use as unconstitutional. Argentina also called INCB’s arrogant for questioning the highest judicial authority of a sovereign state. Hernandez also stated that the INCB was deeply concerned with the United States moving towards legalizing or regularizing the use of marijuana for medical purposes may send the wrong message to other countries. The INCB had a legitimate concern for these countries actions of making it easier for criminals to pursue selling and people using marijuana and other drugs. In the United States inmates are allowed to pursue an education or gain their GED to help them gain employment when released but this does not prevent repeated offenders. Taking tough actions and measures is the only way to decrease crime and drug usage. Mexico’s President taking two steps forward and then two steps back is only causing confusion for others to know what actions they need to take. The hard core facts that these Mexican narcoterrorist organizations were developed by corrupted ex military or law enforcement officials make it hard for the rest of the world to believe Mexico is competent to battle against the cartels or protect heir citizens from the unthinkable. With Mexico’s incompetence comes inpatient Americans’ willing and ready to battle for their land. When the Arizona rancher was found dead on his land it was automatically assumed illegal immigrants had killed him. Arizona government officials quickly used his death as an example to push forwa rd their Senate Bill 1070. Now other states have developed similar versions for their own state immigration laws. The growing concern has somewhat shifted from illegal immigration, to how to battle Los Zetas and other cartels. Arizona’s Bill may have opened people’s eyes to the growing problem of illegal immigrants advancing in the United States, but no one in their right mind could have ever imagined seeing those poor immigrants hog tied, gagged, and executed by Los Zetas; for trying to make it across the border. The American people don’t want the Mexican’s killed, simply accounted for. When talking about Los Zeta’s and their narcoterrorist ways, it seems impossible not to think of them as terrorist in the same class as al Qaeda. They may not share the same fanatical ideology as al Qaeda but their terrorist tactics used against the Mexican and American people is on the same level. With the vast growth of their cells spreading globally and forming alliances with known organizations handling nuclear waste, the threat they pose to all those against them is even scarier than those threats by al Qaeda supporters living in the United States. Mexico has been using underground tunnels and smuggling drugs, humans, and weapons across both sides of the borders for decades. There have been reports that al Qaeda has helped train Los Zetas recruits with similar tactics. These Mexican military deserters have trained in the same American military installation, Fort Bragg, as known al Qaedan terrorist members have. The connection is too great and should not be ignored. Los Zeta’s is in a country that has a poor economy but extremely rich in the illegal drug trade. The promise of pay, respect, and fear is what appeals to those who join their ranks. This can be said for any organization. The Mexican government will not be able to use only their military forces to combat against these cartels. Los Zetas has proven they have no loyalty to any one organization but to themselves and their greed for territory and wealth has been fueling their fire. President Calderon should not wait for a full out battle to develop between the cartels and the cartels against the Mexican military. Zetas is growing rapidly and stronger with support and alliances from other countries. Instead President Calderon should call upon Mexico’s allies for help battling them and cleaning up their streets. These cartels have gained their intelligence from working on the inside and gaining as much intelligence, expertise, and experience as possible. Their knowledge, tactics, and alliances will keep them thriving and defining who they are. It is up to the Mexican government to develop solutions to their economic crisis, drug laws, and protection of the people. Their military can only combat so long for so little pay and then they will turn to the darker side. If they paid their people enough salary there would be fewer traitors. It’s like a mother developing rules for her children and expecting them to follow without having to actually enforce them. Countries have been known to break down barriers such as Germany. Countries have also sat by and watched a power hungry Jew hating man murder thousands of innocent people before calling in the big guns. Countries should not sit idly by and watch thousands of people get slaughtered because some men in uniform are greedy for territorial rights and making money by distributing, marketing, laundering drugs, humans, and weapons. There are American military installations located across Border States and if that is what it takes, so be it. References Arturo Guzman Decena. (2010, November 27). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 20:30, January 2, 2010. From http://en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=Arturo_Guzm%C3%A1n_Decena&oldid=399212394 Benjamin, D. (2010, August 5). Briefing on the release of country reports on terrorism for 2009. U. S. Department of State: Diplomacy in action Retrieved January 2, 2010 from http://www. state. gov/s/ct/rls/rm/2010/145734. htm Borderland Beat Reporter Overmex (2010, August 26). Zetas Massacre 72 Illegal Immigrants in San Fernando, Tamaulipas. Borderland Beat: reporting on the Mexican Cartel drug war. Retrieved December 2, 2010 from http://www. orderlandbeat. com/2010/08/zetas-massacre-72-illegal-immigrants-in .html Hansen, S. (2008, November 20). Mexico’s Drug War. Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved 2010, December 30 2010 from http://www. cfr. org/publications/13689/mexicos_drug_war. htm Head, T. (2011). History of the War on Drugs. About. com Civil Liberties. Retrieved 2011, December 2, 2010 from http://civilliberty. about. com/od/drugpolicy/tp/W ar-on-Drugs-History. Hernandez, D. (2010, February 25). The International Narcotics Control Board criticizes several Latin American countries. La Plaza: News from Latin American and the Caribbean. Retrieved December 22, 2010 from http://latimesblogs. latimes. com/laplaza/2010/02/united-nations-latin-america-international-narcotics-control-board-incb-mexico-brazil-argentina. html Kaibilies. (2010, November 10). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved January 2, 2010 from http://en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=Kaibiles&oldid=395893797 Los Zetas. (2010, November 22). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved November 27, 2010 from http://en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/Los_Zetas NarcoGuerra Times (2009, September 19). Zetas/La Compania, Ndrangheta and the Nuclear Options. NarcoGuerra Times. Retrieved from http://narcoguerratimes. wordpress. com/2009/09/19/zetasla-compania-ndhrangeta-and-the-nuclear-options/ Narcoterrorism. (2010, December 6). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved January 2, 2010 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Narcoterrorism Timeline of the Mexican Drug War. (2010, December 18). In Wikip edia, The Free Encyclopedia Retrieved January 2, 2010 from http://en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? ttle=Timeline_of_the_Mexican_.